US Federal Equal Rights Amendment fails three states short of ratification.

On June 30, 1982, the United States Federal Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified, falling three states short of the required number for its inclusion into the Constitution. This event marked a significant setback in the ongoing struggle for gender equality in the country. Despite the efforts made by activists and supporters, the ERA fell short of its intended goal.

The Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced in 1923 and aimed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of their sex. It sought to address the pervasive gender inequalities that persisted in various aspects of American society, including employment, education, and politics. With overwhelming support, the ERA passed through Congress in 1972, and it was up to the states to ratify it for it to become law.

However, the path to ratification proved to be challenging. By the deadline of June 30, 1982, the ERA had received approval from 35 states, three short of the required 38 needed for inclusion in the Constitution. While the ERA enjoyed early success in the ratification process, gaining the support of 30 states within the first year, progress subsequently slowed down. Several states initially supporting the amendment eventually rescinded their ratification, leading to its eventual failure.

The opposition to the ERA primarily came from conservative groups who feared potential repercussions if the amendment became law. Critics argued that the ERA threatened traditional gender roles and could potentially lead to the removal of protective labor laws for women. These fears were further fueled by misinformation campaigns that spread false narratives about the intended consequences of the ERA.

One of the main concerns raised by opponents was the potential impact of the ERA on family dynamics. Detractors argued that the amendment would erode the traditional family structure by interfering with gender-based division of labor and challenging the roles of women as mothers and wives. Such arguments resonated with certain segments of society, generating a significant backlash against the amendment.

Another factor that contributed to the failure of the ERA was the emergence of conservative-led campaigns against it. Prominent figures such as Phyllis Schlafly mobilized opposition by framing the amendment as a threat to traditional values and the American way of life. Their efforts successfully influenced public opinion and swayed decision-makers, leading to the rescission of previously granted ratifications.

The failure of the ERA to be ratified three states short of the required number was a significant blow to the feminist movement and advocates of gender equality. However, the fight for equal rights did not end there. Although the ERA has yet to be included in the United States Constitution, the issue of gender equality remains a crucial topic of public debate.

Since the failed ratification, individual states have taken steps to address gender inequalities at the local level. Many have implemented their own Equal Rights Amendments within their state constitutions, providing some legal protections against discrimination based on sex. Additionally, subsequent legislative efforts have aimed to bridge the gaps in gender equality, such as the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which sought to address pay disparities.

Furthermore, the conversation around gender equality has continued to evolve over the years. The 2017 Women’s March and the #MeToo movement highlighted widespread concerns regarding sexual harassment and assault, while drawing attention to the need for systemic changes and increased legal protections for women.

Although the ERA failed to be ratified by the necessary number of states in 1982, the fight for gender equality remains an ongoing struggle. The event marked a significant setback, but it also served as a catalyst for continued activism and progress towards a more inclusive and equitable society. The legacy of the ERA serves as a reminder of the work that still needs to be done to achieve true gender equality in the United States.