American forces launch Operation Just Cause in an attempt to overthrow Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega

Back on December 20, 1989, the United States deployed a staggering 13,000 troops to Panama City on a mission known as Operation Just Cause; their objective was to depose Panamanian dictator, Manuel Noriega. This event in American history might not be as commonly recollected as other military involvements, but it marked a significant turning point in US-Panama relations and brought about significant political changes in the Central American nation.

At the heart of Operation Just Cause was the controversial figure, Manuel Noriega. Noriega, a military ruler, had been in power since 1983 and was well-known both for his authoritarian rule and connections to drug trafficking operations. The Panamanian ruler’s relationship with the US was complex, having been both an ally and informant for the CIA before his ties with the agency soured, culminating in the large-scale operation designed to remove him from power.

The mission began with the arrival of 13,000 U.S. troops, making it one of the most significant military deployments since the Vietnam War. These forces joined the 12,000 U.S. soldiers already stationed in Panama, creating a robust force ready to face any resistance.

One of the key strategies of Operation Just Cause was the use of precise, rapid military force. Surprise was a vital element in the plan, with troops moving quickly to secure key installations, including the Panama Canal, the international airport, and military bases. By swiftly controlling these strategic locations, the US intended to minimize civilian casualties and limit the potential for major resistance.

However, the operation did not proceed without challenges. There were reported instances of fierce resistance from Noriega’s Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) which led to unavoidable casualties. Yet, in the face of these obstacles, US troops pressed on, ultimately capturing Noriega and successfully concluding their mission.

Post-Operation Just Cause, Noriega was extradited to the US where he faced charges of drug trafficking, racketeering, and money laundering. His subsequent conviction and imprisonment signified the end of an era in Panama, as the country transitioned from military rule to a civilian government.

Delving into the impact of the operation, it’s evident that the US’ decision to intervene in Panama’s internal affairs was met with mixed reactions. Critics of the operation pointed to the violation of the country’s sovereignty and questioned the motive behind the intervention. Some argue the strategic importance of the Panama Canal to American interests played a significant role in the decision-making process.

On the flip side, supporters of the operation argue that the removal of Noriega, a dictator with known ties to illicit activities, was necessary to restore peace and stability in the region. Furthermore, it paved the way for democratic governance in Panama, undeniably contributing to the nation’s political evolution.

Looking back three decades since Operation Just Cause, the event serves as a vivid reminder of the implications of American foreign policy, strategic interests, and the country’s willingness to use military force to achieve its objectives. It poses a point of reflection for the role of powerful nations in shaping global political landscapes, and the delicate balance between sovereignty and international responsibility

In the end, the legacy of Operation Just Cause remains complicated— a stark illustration of American power, decried by some as hegemonic overreach, yet applauded by others for paving the way to democracy and ending a notorious dictator’s rule in Panama. Regardless of the varying perspectives, the events of December 20, 1989, remain a crucial chapter in both American and Panamanian history, highlighting the often complex and multi-faceted nature of international relations.