Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.

On May 9, 1936, a significant event took place in history as Italy formally annexed Ethiopia. This action came after Italian forces successfully captured the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, just four days earlier on May 5. This event had profound implications for both Italy and Ethiopia, shaping the political landscape of East Africa and leaving a lasting impact on the region.

Italy’s annexation of Ethiopia was the culmination of its colonial ambitions in the region. The invasion of Ethiopia, also known as Abyssinia, began in October 1935, when Italy accused Ethiopia of an unprovoked attack on its troops stationed in the border region. This served as a pretext for Benito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy at that time, to pursue his expansionist policies.

The Italian invasion was not without controversy. The League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations, condemned Italy’s actions and imposed economic sanctions. However, these sanctions were largely ineffective in deterring Italy’s aggression. Despite facing better-equipped Italian forces, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, a symbol of resistance against colonial powers, rallied his people and fought valiantly.

The fall of Addis Ababa signaled the end of Ethiopia’s resistance and the beginning of a dark chapter in its history. Italy immediately set about consolidating its control over the country, implementing policies aimed at exploiting its resources and suppressing dissent. The Italian colonizers brutally suppressed any resistance, leading to widespread human rights abuses.

The annexation had far-reaching consequences for Ethiopia. Its independence, which had been maintained for centuries, was now officially extinguished. The Ethiopian people were subjected to Italian rule, facing discrimination and exploitation. Italian colonization brought with it the imposition of the Italian language, culture, and institutions, erasing much of Ethiopia’s cultural identity.

From an international perspective, Italy’s annexation of Ethiopia raised concerns among the world powers. It shattered the illusion of inviolability of African nations and exposed the weaknesses of the League of Nations in enforcing international law. This event marked a turning point in the development of international relations, as stronger measures were implemented to prevent future aggression.

The impacts of Italy’s colonial rule in Ethiopia were not limited to the years of direct occupation. The scars of this period continue to be felt today. Ethiopian society was deeply impacted by the injustice and violence experienced under Italian rule, shaping the trajectory of the nation’s political and social development. The memory of this dark period remains relevant in Ethiopia’s ongoing struggle for justice and national identity.

Italy’s formal annexation of Ethiopia on May 9, 1936, following the capture of Addis Ababa on May 5, marked a significant turning point in the history of both nations. The event had profound implications for Ethiopia, leading to the loss of its independence and subjecting its people to years of oppression. From an international perspective, Italy’s aggression underscored the weaknesses of the League of Nations and highlighted the need for stronger mechanisms to prevent such actions in the future. Understanding and acknowledging the events surrounding this historical moment are essential to fostering a more inclusive and just world.